•f. 





Qo ^yg^g^wwwgg^ i ^jD?CCCL'^j?u^ Y | LCCC'-.\ "., ., 



CENTRAL COMMITTEE 



FOR THE 

UNITED STATES 

ON THE 

EXHIBITION OF 

INDUSTRY OP ALL NATIONS, 

TO BE HELD IN 

LONDON, 
1851. 




WASHINGTON: 

PRINTED BY ROBERTA. WATERS. 

1850. 



— r»r— 



— — — o<J 




CENTRAL COMMITTEE 



FOR THE 
\ 



UNITED STATES 



ON THE 



EXHIBITION OF 



INDUSTRY OP ALL NATIONS, 



TO BE HEL-D IN 

LONDON 

1851. 



WASHINGTON: 

PRINTED BY ROBERT A, WATERS, 
1850. 



«*> ' 



CENTRAL COMMITTEE 

FOR THE 

UNITED STATES 

ON THE 

EXHIBITION OF INDUSTRY OF ALL NATIONS, TO BE 
HELD IN LONDON, 1851. 

For the information of all who are interested in the 
London Industrial Exhibition^ the Central Committee for 
the United States have thought proper to publish the fol- 
lowing proceedings, correspondence, &c, which will 
make known the nature and object of their appointment, 
and the mode in which they propose to execute the trust 
committed to them. 

Meeting of the Central Committee for the United States. 

Pursuant to notice given, the Central Committee met at the rooms of 
the National Institute, on Thursday evening, the 13th instant, at 8 o'clock. 

The meeting was called to order by Professor Walter R Johnson, 
on whose motion Peter Force, was called to the chair, and Chas. F. 
Stansbury chosen Secretary of the meeting. 

This temporary organization having been effected, the committee pro- 
ceeded to organize permanently by the appointment of the Hon. Mil- 
lard Fillmore, Vice President of the United States, Chairman, and 
Professor Walter R Johnson, Secretary. 

The following papers were read in explanation of the appointment 
and duties of the committee : 

State Department, 

Washington, May 17th, 1850. 
To the President of the National Institute 
for the Promotion of Science. 
Sir : I have the honor herewith to transmit copies of a correspondence 
which has taken place between the Minister Plenipotentiary of her 



Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and this Department, relative to the 
proposed Industrial Exhibition to be held in London in the year 1851. 

From the circular of the Royal Commissioners of Great Britain, hereto 
annexed, it will be observed, that all objects intended to be introduced from 
foreign countries and entered for that exhibition are required to have been 
first submitted to, and approved by, a central authority or commission of 
the country from which they shall be brought, and that no other will be 
recognized as a central authority except such as shall have been so cer- 
tified by the Government of the country in which it exists. 

That American industry and arts may be enabled to appear in the 
place allotted to them, it will be indispensable that a recognized central 
authority should be constituted ; and I am under the impression that the 
National Institute, having been regularly incorporated by act of Con- 
gress, and being habitually engaged in matters pertaining to the arts and 
sciences, is the proper body for taking the initiative in constituting such 
a central authority. 

I therefore beg leave to submit to its consideration the interesting and 
important subject which has been brought to the attention of this Depart- 
ment by the distinguished Envoy of her Majesty's Government, and to 
request such action or suggestions as may seem necessary in order that 
the natural productions, the ingenuity, industry, and arts of the United 
States may be fully and suitably represented on the interesting occasion 
herein referred to. 

I have the honor to be, very respectfully, yours, 

JOHN M, CLAYTON. 

This communication was laid before the National Institute, and by it 
referred to a select committee, which brought in the following report: 

The special committee, to which was referred the communication from 
the Hon. John M. Clayton, Secretary of State, relative to the forma- 
tion of a central authority for transmitting articles to the Industrial Ex- 
hibition to be held in London in 1851, offers the following 

Report: 

The committee, impressed with the importance of the subject commend- 
ed to the Institute, have given to it their earnest and careful attention. 

The resources, the ingenuity, the industry, and arts of the United 
States are conceived to merit the best endeavors to procure for them op- 
portunities of being adequately represented in the great Industrial Exhi- 
bition at London. 

Agreeably to the programme adopted by the Royal Commission, no 
articles are to be received from Foreign Exhibitors except those which 



shall have been approved by a central authority, recognized as such by 
the Government of the country from which they are sent. 

This Institute being the only Society for the Promotion of Science and 
the Arts, directly incorporated by the Government, the Secretary of State 
has deemed it the appropriate body to take action or make suggestions 
relative to the fulfilment of the wishes of the Royal Commissioners, by 
the establishment of such a central authority as the case seems to require. 

To this voluntary proposal on the part of the Secretary of State, the 
committee consider the National Institute in duty bound to respond. 

In accordance with this view the committee respectfully recommend 
the following resolutions. 

1. Resolved, That the Institute will take action on the subject sub- 
mitted to it by the Department of State. 

2. Resolved, That the Institute do now proceed to constitute a com- 
mittee suitable to be recognized by the Government as a central body to 
hold correspondence with the British Commissioners, and to secure the 
reception of American productions at the proposed Industrial Exhibition 
in London. 

PETER FORCE, ") 

JOSEPH HENRY, 

WALTER R. JOHNSON, ^Committee. 

J. J. GREENHOUGH, 

CHARLES WILKES. 



These resolutions, together with others relating to the same subject, 
were adopted by the Institute, and the result communicated to the Secre- 
tary of State by the corresponding Secretary in the following letter : 

National Institute, 

Washington, May 27th, 1850. 

Sir: I have the honor to make known to the Department of State the 
action which this Institute has taken on the subject of your communica- 
tion of the 17th instant. That action is comprised in the following re- 
solutions, unanimously adopted after full discussion at the meeting held 
this evening. 

,c Resolved, That the Institute will take action on the subject submit- 
ted to it by the Department of State. 

" Resolved, That the Institute do now proceed to constitute a commit- 
tee suitable to be recognized by the Government to hold correspondence 



6 

with the British Commissioners, and to secure the reception of American 
productions at the proposed Industrial Exhibition in London. 

" Resolved, That a committee of not less than nineteen be appointed 
to constitute a Central Committee on the Industrial Exhibition, and to 
correspond with societies and local committees throughout the United 
States. 

'* Resolved, That the President of this Institute be a member of the 

Central Committee. 

"Resolved, That the Corresponding Secretary communicate to the 
Secretary of State a copy of the foregoing resolutions, together with the 
names of the Central Committee. 7 ' 

The following are the names of the members of the Central Commit- 
tee appointed in accordance with the foregoing resolutions : 

Hon. Millard Fillmore, Vice President of the United States, and ex 
officio Chancellor of the Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. 

Col. Peter Force, President of the National Institute. 

Hon. James A. Pearce, Untted States Senate, member of the board of 
Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. 

Hon. Levi Woodbury, Member of the National Institute, Associate 
Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. 

Commodore Lewis Warrington, United States Navy, Member of the 
National Institute, Chief of the Bureau of Ordnance and Hydrography. 

Prof. Joseph Henry, Vice President of the National Institute, Secre- 
tary of the Smithsonian Institution. 

Prof. Walter R. Johnson, Corresponding Secretary of the National 
Institute. 

Prof. Alexander D. Bache, Member of the National Institute, Mem- 
ber of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, and Super- 
intendent of the Coast Survey. 

Commander Charles Wilkes, United States Navy, Member of the 
National Institute, late Commander U. S. Exploring Expedition. 

Hon. William W. Seaton, Member of the National Institute, Mayor 
of Washington. 

Hon. Jefferson Davis, United States Senate, Member of the Board of 
Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. 

Lieut. Mathew F. Maury, United States Navy, Vice President of the 
National Institute, and Superintendent of the National Observatory. 

J. James Greenough, Esq., Member of the National Institute. 

Charles F. Stansbury, Esq., Recording Secretary of the National 
Institute. 



Col. J. J. Abert, Member of the National Institute, Chief of the Topo- 
graphical Bureau. 

Gen, Joseph G. Totten, Vice President of the National Institute, Chief 
Engineer of the United States Army. 

Thomas Ewbank, Esq., Commissioner of Patents. 

William Easby, Esq., Treasurer National Institute.. 

Leonard D. Gale, M. D., Member of the National Institute, Examiner 
of Patents. 

Joseph C. G. Kennedy, Esq., Member of the National Institute, Super- 
intendent of Census. 

Ezra C. Seaman, Esq., Member of the National Institute. 

I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

WALTER R. JOHNSON. 
Cor. Secretary of the National Institute. 

Hon. John M. Clayton, Secretary of State. 

Department of State. 

Washington, June 8. 1850. 
Sir: I have duly received your letter of the 27th ultimo, communica- 
ting to this Department the proceedings of the National Institute on the 
subject of my note of the 17th of the same month. Those proceedings 
appear to me to be perfectly satisfactory ; and I have accordingly trans- 
mitted them to the British Minister in this city, with the communication 
a copy of which is enclosed for your information. 

I am, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant, 
JOHN M, CLAYTON. 
Walter R. Johnson, Esq., 

Corresponding Secretary of the National Institute, 

Department or State, 

Washington, June 1, 1850. 

Sir ; I have the honor to transmit to you herewith a copy of the cor- 
respondence which has passed between this Department and the National 
Institute for the Promotion of Science, respecting the organization of a 
committee to constitute the central authority required by the regulations 
of the Royal Commission on the proposed Industrial Exhibition, to cor- 
respond with them in London, and with societies, local committees, and 
individuals in this country, and to sanction the forwarding of articles ap- 
plicable to the exhibition. 

I need hardly say to you, sir, that the proceedings of the National 
Institute, as set forth in this correspondence, meet the approbation of the 



8 

Department, which has Cull confidence in the committee named by that 
Institute. 

I avail myself of this opportunity to renew to you the assurance of my 
high and distinguished consideration. 

JOHN M. CLAYTON. 

Right Honorable Sir H. L. Bulwer, &c. 



Extract from the Circular of the Royal Commissioners. 

u The Commissioners have felt that it would be desirable, as far as pos- 
sible, to prevent any persons from sending hither articles which cannot 
be admitted, rather than to reject the articles after their arrival in Lon- 
don. They feel also that the delicate and responsible task of deciding on 
the admission or rejection of articles destined for exhibition by foreign 
contributors ought not to be imposed upon any English tribunal, but should 
be referred to one having the confidence of the exhibitors themselves, and 
standing entirely free from possible imputations of national partiality. 
They accordingly propose to admit to exhibition such foreign articles only 
as may be forwarded to them by the Central Authority (whatever may 
be its nature,) in each country. They will communicate to such Central 
Authority tbe amount of space which can be allowed to the productions 
of the country for which it acts, and will also state the conditions and 
limitations which may from time to time be decided on with respect to the 
admission of articles. All articles forwarded by such Central Authority 
will then be admitted, provided they do not require a greater aggregate 
amount of space than that assigned to the productions of the country 
from which they come ; and, provided, also, that they do not violate the 
conditions and limitations of which due notice shall have been given. It 
will rest with the Central Authority in each country to decide upon the 
merits of the several articles presented for exhibition, and to take care 
that those which are sent are such as fairly represent the industry of 
their fellow countrymen. 

"Her Majesty's Commissioners will consider that to be the Central 
Authority in each case which is stated to be so by the government of its 
country. Having once been put in communication with a Central Au. 
thority in any country, they must decline, absolutely and entirely, any 
communication with private and unauthorized individuals ; and, should 
any such be addressed to them, they can only refer it to the central body. 
This decision is essentially necessary in order to prevent confusion. 

" No articles of foreign manufacture, to whomsoever they may belong, 
or wheresoever they may be, can be admitted for exhibition unless they 
come with the sanction of the Central Authority of the country of which 



9 

they are the produce. The Commissioners do not insist upon such arti- 
cles being in all cases actually forwarded by the Central Authority, though 
they consider that this would generally be the most satisfactory arrange- 
ment; but it is indispensable that the sanction of such authority should 
in all cases be expressly given, and that it be held responsible for the fit- 
ness of such articles for exhibition, and for not authorizing the exhibition 
of a greater quantity than can be accommodated in the space assigned to 
the productions of the country in question." 

A full discussion was then had of the subject thus laid before the 
committee, and, on motion of the Hon. W. W. Seaton, it was 

Resolved, That the committee of five first charged with this subject 
by the Institute (substituting Mr. Kennedy for Mr. Greenough, who 
is absent) be an Executive Committee to take all necessary steps to carry 
out the views of the general committee. 

The following gentlemen constitute the Executive Committee : Col* 
Peter Force, Prof. Walter R. Johnson, Prof. Joseph Henry, J. 
C. G. Kennedy, Esq., Capt. Charles Wilkes. 

On motion, 

Resolved, That the Secretary be requested to prepare the proceedings 
of this meeting for publication. 

And the Committee adjourned. 

CHAS. F. STANSBURY, 

Secretary of the Meeting, 

CORRESPONDENCE. 

SIR. H. L. BULWER TO HON. J. M. CLAYTON. 

British Legation, 
Washington, March 9, 1850. 
Sir: I have the honor to transmit to you herewith a copy of a com- 
mission which her Majesty, the Gtueen, has been pleased to issue, for the 
purpose of promoting an exhibition in England for the works of industry 

of all nations. 

I enclose also a copy of a letter which has been addressed to the For- 
eign Office by the Board of Trade, describing the nature of the proposed 
exhibition, and stating, with regard to those foreign countries from whence 
articles are likely to be sent for exhibition, that the Commissioners are 
anxious to be placed in communication with such persons or bodies who 
may be authorized to act on behalf of those persons who wish to become 
exhibitors. 

It is proposed that the exhibition in question shall take place in London 
in the early part of the year 1851, and I have been instructed to express 
2 



10 

to you the conviction, on the part of her Majesty's Government, that t&e 
United States Government will be well disposed to promote the success 
of this undertaking, and to request that you will kindly enable me to comply 
with the wish expressed by the Board of Trade on the part of the Commis- 
sioners. 
I avail myself of this opportunity to renew to you the assurance of 

my highest consideration. 

H, L. BULWER, 
Honorable J. M, Clayton, &c. 



COMMISSION OF THE QUEEtf. 

Whitehall, January 3, 1850. 

The Queen has been pleased to issue the following commission for the 
promotion of the exhibition of the worka of industry of all nations, to be 
holden in the year 1851, videlicet : 
VICTORIA, R. 

Victoria, by the grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great 
Britain and Ireland, Queen, Defender of the Faith ; to our most dearly 
beloved consort, His Royal Highness Francis Albert Augustus Charles 
Emanuel Duke of Saxony, Prince of Saxe Coburg and Gotha, knight of 
our most noble order of the garter, and field marshal in our army ; our 
right trusty and right entirely beloved cousin and councillor, Walter 
Francis Duke of Buccleuch and Queensberry, knight of our most noble 
order of the garter ; &c, &c, <fcc, greeting: 

Whereas the Society for the Promotion of Arts, Manufactures and 
Commerce, incorporated by our royal charter, of which our most dearly 
beloved consort, the Prince Albert, is president, have of late years insti- 
tuted annual exhibitions of the works of British art and industry, and 
have proposed to establish an enlarged exhibition of the works of indus- 
try of all nations, to be holden in London in the year one thousand eight hun- 
dred and fifty one, at which prizes and medals, to the value of at least twenty 
thousand pounds sterling, shall be awarded to the exhibitors of the most 
meritorious works then brought forward; and have invested in the names 
of our right trusty and entirely beloved cousin Spencer Joshua Alwyne, 
Marquess of Northampton, our right trusty and right well beloved cousin 
and councillor George William Frederick, earl of Clarendon, knight of 
our most noble order of the garter ; our trusty and well-beloved Sir John. 
Peter Boileau, baronet, and James Courthope Peache, esq., the sum of 
twenty thousand pounds to be awarded in prizes and medals as aforesaid ; 



II 

^tnd have appointed our trusty and well-beloved Arthur Keti Barclay, 
esquire, William Cotton, esquire, Sir John William Lubbock, baroneti 
Samuel Morton Peto, esquire, and Baron Lionel De Rothschild, to be the 
treasurers for all receipts arising from donations, subscriptions, or any 
other source, on behalf of, or towards the said exhibition ; our trusty and 
well-beloved Peter le Neve Foster, Joseph Payne, and Thomas Wink- 
worth, esquires, to be the treasurers for payment of all executive expenses; 
and our trusty and well-beloved Henry Cole, Charles Wentworth Dilke? 
the younger, George Drew, Francis Fuller, and Robert Stephenson, esqs. f 
with our trusty and well-beloved Matthew Digby Wyatt, esquire, as their 
secretary, to be an executive committee for carrying the said exhibition 
into effect, under the direction of our most dearly beloved consort. 

And whereas the said Society for the promotion of Arts, Manufactures, 
' and Commerce have represented unto us, that, in carrying out the objects 
proposed by the said exhibition, many questions may arise regarding the in- 
troduction of productions into our kingdom from our colonies and from 
foreign countries; also regarding the site for the said exhibition, and the 
best mode of conducting the said exhibition; likewise regarding the de- 
termination of the nature of the prizes, and the means of securing the 
most impartial distribution of them; and have also besought us that we 
would be graciously pleased to give our sanction to this undertaking, in 
order that it may have the confidence, not only of all classes of our sub- 
jects, but of the subjects of foreign countries ; 

Now, know ye, that we, considering the premises, and earnestly desir- 
ing to promote the proposed exhibition, which is calculated to be of great 
benefit to arts, agriculture, manufactures, and commerce, and reposing 
great trust and confidence in your fidelity, discretion, and integrity, have 
authorized and appointed, and by these presents do authorize and appoint 
you our most dearly beloved consort Francis Albert Augustus Charles 
Emanuel, Duke of Saxony, Prince of Saxe Coburg and Gotha ; you Walter 
Francis, Duke of Buccleuch and Queensberry ; &c, &c, to make full and 
diligent inquiry into the best mode by which the productions of our colo- 
nies, and of foreign countries may be introduced into our^ kingdom ; as 
respects the most suitable site for the said exhibition ; the general conduct 
of the said exhibition ; and also into the best mode of determining the 
nature of the prizes, and of securing the most impartial distribution of 
them. 

And to the end that our royal will and pleasure in the said inquiry 
may be duly prosecuted, and with expedition, we further, and by these 
presents, will and command, and do hereby give full power and authority 



12 

to you, or any three or more of you, to nominate and appoint such seve- 
ral persons of ability, as you may think fit to be local commissioners, in 
such parts of our kingdom, and in foreign parts, as you may think fit, 
to aid you in the premises ; which said local commissioners, or any of 
them, shall and may be removed by you, or any three or more of you, 
from time to time, at your will and pleasure, full power and authority be- 
ing hereby given to you, or any three or more of you, to appoint others 
in their places respectively : 

And furthermore, we do, by these presents, give and grant to you, or 
any three or more of you, full power and authority to call before you, or 
any three or more of you, all such persons as you shall judge necessary 
by whom you may be the better informed of the truth of the premises, 
and to inquire of the premises, and every part thereof, by all lawful ways 
and means whatsoever. 

And our further will and pleasure is that, for the purpose of aiding you 
in the execution of these premises, we hereby appoint our trusty and 
well-beloved John Scott Russell and Stafford Henry Northcote, esquires, 
to be joint secretaries to this our commission. 

And for carrying into effect what you shall direct to be done in respect 
of the said exhibition, we hereby appoint the said Henry Cole, Charles 
Wentworth Dilke, the younger, George Drew, Francis Fuller and Rob- 
ert Stephenson, to be the executive committee in the premises, and the said 
Matthew Digby Wyatt to be secretary of the said executive committee. 
And our further will and pleasure is that you, or any three or more 
of you, when and so often as need or occasion shall require, so long as 
this our commission shall continue in force, do report to us, in writing, un- 
der your hands and seals respectively, all and every of the several proceed- 
ings of yourselves had by virtue of these presents, together with such 
other matters, if any, as may be deserving of our royal consideration 
touching or concerning the premises. 

And, lastly, we do by these presents ordain that this our commission 
shall continue in full force and virtue, and that you, our said commission- 
ers, or any three or more of you, shall and may, from time to time, and 
at any place or places, proceed in the execution thereof, and of every mat- 
ter and thing therein contained, although the same be not continued from 
time to time by adjournment. 

Given at our court at Saint James,' the third day of January, 1850 f 
in the thirteenth year of our reign. 
By her Majesty's command, 

G. GREY. 



13 



Board of Trade, January 15, 1850. 

Sir : I am directed by the Commissioners appointed by her Majesty 
for the promotion of the Exhibition of the Works of Industry of all Na- 
tions, to be holden in the year 1851, to request that you will move Vis- 
count Palmerston to communicate the fact of the appointment of the com- 
mission to all Foreign Powers at amity with her Majesty, and to acquaint 
them that the exhibition will take place in London in the early part of the 
year 1851, and that the commissioners are anxious to be put in commu- 
nication with such persons or bodies in each nation from which articles 
are likely to be sent for exhibition, as are considered likely to command 
the confidence of those who may become exhibiters. The commission- 
ers will have to consider many questions bearing upon the admission of 
foreign productions, and some of those questions will be of a nature that 
will make it necessary for them to ascertain the views entertained in dif- 
ferent countries before deciding upon them. They wish therefore to have 
a proper channel of communication with each country, and they request 
that Lord Palmerston will take such steps as he may think proper for 
supplying this necessity. 

The exhibition will be divided into four sections : 

1; Raw materials and produce illustrative of the natural productions 
on which human industry is employed. 

2. Machinery, for agricultural, manufacturing, engineering and other 
purposes, and mechanical inventions, illustrative of the agents which hu- 
man ingenuity brings to bear upon the productions of nature. 

3. Manufactures, illustrative of the results produced by the operation of 
human industry upon natural productions. 

4. Sculpture, models, and the plastic art generally, illustrative of the 
taste and skill displayed in such applications of human industry. 

The commissioners are engaged in endeavoring to ascertain the amount 
of space which will be required for the display of these articles, for which 
purpose they will of course require some kind of estimate of the quanti- 
ties of each which are likely to be sent from different countries. This 
will be one of the first points on which they will seek information when 
placed in communication with the proper parties. They will also have 
to make inquiries in order to guide them in determining what prizes should 
be* given, for what articles, and under what conditions. This, too, is a 
matter which will involve the necessity of foreign correspondence. More- 
over they will need a channel for communicating to Foreign Countries 



14 

lb& regulations they may from time to time adopt for the conduct of the 
exhibition ; such, for instance, as may relate to the exclusion of particular 
classes of articles onaccount of their size, the impossibility of preserving 
them, or other reasons, or to the time at which articles intended for exhi- 
bition must be sent, or to the terms on which they will be admitted. 

It is unnecessary to go more into detail upon the present occasion, as 
Lord Palmerston will perceive from what has been already said, that so soon 
as proper channels of correspondence have been opened, the commissioners 
will have many matters to which to draw the attention of the Foreign 
Countries which are likely to take an interest in the undertaking ; and I 
am only to add, in conclusion, that it is of much importance that no time 
should be lost in making these communications, as there are several points 
on which early information is particularly necessary for the commission- 
ers. 

I have the honor to be, sir, your most obd't serv't. 

STAFFORD H. NORTHCOTE. 



hon. j. m. clayton to sir h. bulwer. 

Department op State, 

Washington, April 6th, 1850. 

Sir : I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your note of 
the 9th ultimo, with the accompanying documents, relative to an exhibi- 
tion for the works of industry of all nations, which is proposed to be held 
in England in the early part of the next year. Citizens of this couutry, will, 
no doubt, be eager to show specimens of their ingenuity and skill upon 
the occasion referred to, and to compete for the prizes which the Commis- 
missioners are authorized to award. In the President's opinion the pub- 
lication of the correspondence between this Department and yourself on 
the subject, will be the best means for making the American public ac- 
quainted with the purpose of the exhibition, and with the desire of the 
Commissioners to place themselves in communication with such persons 
in the United States as may be authorized to act on behalf of those who 
wish to become exhibitors. He has accordingly directed that correspon. 
dence to be published. 

I avail myself of this occasion, sir, to offer to you renewed assurances 
of my very distinguished consideration. 

JOHN M. CLAYTON. 

Right honorable Sir H. L. Bulwer. 



15 
CIRCULAR 

CONTAINING THE 

REGULATIONS OF THE COMMISSIONERS. 

Palace of Westminster, lith March, 1850. 

Her Majesty's Commissioners for the promotion of the Exhibition of 
the Works of Industry of all Nations to be holden in London in the year 
1851, after careful consideration of the arrangements to be made for the 
admission of the productions of foreign countries to the Exhibition, have 
directed the publication of the following statement for the information and 
guidance of Foreign Exhibitors. 

The Commissioners have already given notice that, however large 
may be the building that is to be erected, it is necessary that they should 
reserve to themselves ample powers of selection and rejection in respect 
of the articles which may be forwarded for exhibition. The necessity 
for making some provision for limiting the extent, and defining the char- 
acter, of the Exhibition, is too obvious to need any comment ; but the 
mode in which the powers thus reserved should be exercised, particularly 
with reference to the productions of foreign countries, is a matter requir- 
ing very serious deliberation. 

The Commissioners have felt that it would be desirable, as far as 
possible, to prevent any persons from sending hither articles which can- 
not be admitted, rather than to reject the articles after their arrival in 
London. They feel also that the delicate and responsible task of decid- 
ing on the admission or rejection of articles destined for exhibition by 
foreign contributors ought not to be imposed upon any English tribunal, 
but should be referred to one having the confidence of the Exhibitors 
themselves, and standing entirely free from possible imputations of na- 
tional partiality. They accordingly propose to admit to exhibition such 
foreign articles only as may be forwarded to them by the Central Author- 
ity (whatever may be its nature) in each country. They will commu- 
nicate to such Central Authority the amount of space which can be al- 
lowed to the productions of the country for which it acts, and will also 
state the conditions and limitations which may from time to time be de- 
cided on with respect to the admission of articles. All articles forward- 
ed by such Central Authority will then be admitted, provided they do 
not require a greater aggregate amount of space than that assigned to the 
productions of the country from which they come ; and, provided also, 



16 

that they do not violate the conditions and limitations of which due notice 
shall have been given. It will rest with the Central Authority in each 
c ountry to decide upon the merits of the several articles presented for ex- 
hibition, and to take care that those which are sent are such as fairly re- 
present the industry of their fellow countrymen. 

Her Majesty's Commissioners will consider that to be the Central 
Authority in each case, which is staled to be so by the Government of its 
country. Having once been put in communication with a Central Au- 
thority in any country, they must decline, absolutely and entirely, any 
communication with private and unauthorized individuals ; and should 
any such be addressed to them, they can only refer it to the central body. 
This decision is essentially necessary, in order to prevent confusion. 

No articles of foreign manufacture, to whomsoever they may belong, 
or wheresoever they may be, can be admitted for exhibition, unless they 
come with the sanction of the Central Authority of the country of which 
they are the produce. The Commissioners do not insist upon such arti- 
cles being in all cases actually forwarded by the Central Authority, 
though they consider that this would generally be the most satisfactory 
arrangement; but it is indispensable that the sanction of such Authority 
should in all cases be expressly given, and that it be held responsible for 
the fitness of such articles for exhibition, and for not authorizing the ex- 
hibition of a greater quantity than can be accommodated in the space as. 
signed to the productions of the county in question. 

With regard to the amount of space that can be given, the Commis- 
sioners propose at once to communicate with each foreign country. It 
must be obvious that the difficulty of fixing the amount in each case is 
extreme, as the Commissioners have to consider, not only the extent and 
population of each country, but the nature of the articles it produces, the 
quantities it is likely to send ; which of course involves, among other 
considerations, the question of Jproximity and of the facilities for trans- 
mission to England. The productions sent will in some cases be bulky, 
and will require a larger amount of space than the produce likely to 
come from other countries, though the latter may be much the more val- 
uable. It thus becomes impossible, in the absence of information from 
each country, to lay down rules which shall not be open to objection 
At the same time, the Commissioners feel that it is better at once to give 
a definite and tangible shape to their proceedings by laying down some- 
thing in the nature of a rule, however arbitrary, than to postpone the at- 
tempt till they are in possession of information which cannot be collected 
for a very long time. They have therefore resolved that they will allot 
one-half of the total amount of space at their command to the productions 



17 

of Great Britain and her colonies, and will divide the remaining half 
among the other nations of the world; communicating to each country 
the space they propose to set aside for its productions, and requesting 
information as to the mode in which it is proposed that such space should 
be filled. In case the Central Authority in any country should be of 
opinion that the space allotted to the productions of that country is greater 
than it will require, the Commissioners have to request that this opinion 
may be communicated to them, as it is obvious that it would not appear 
well if a large vacant space should be left in the department assigned to 
any country. If, on the other hand, any country require more than the 
space proposed, this also should be stated, as it mayj be in the power of 
the Commissioners to give additional room, in the event of having re- 
ceived notifications from other countries that a portion of the space as- 
signed to them will not be occupied. 

The Commissioners have had under their serious consideration the 
question whether it would be desirable to mark off particular spaces, and 
assign them to particular countries, allowing each to arrange the whole 
of its productions within those limits; but they adhere to the conclusion 
which they have already announced, that this course will not be desira- 
ble, and that it will be necessary that the productions of all nations should 
be exhibited together, according to the classification of objects which the 
Commissioners have made, with a subordinate classification as to nations 
in each section. They consider that the effect which the Exhibition is 
intended to produce — of showing, at one view, the points which human 
industry and ingenuity have reached in the arts of civilized life — would 
be materially diminished if the results of the industry of different nations 
in each department were scattered over a large space instead of being 
conveniently brought together. The visiter would receive a very inade- 
quate notion of the perfection to which particular manufactures can be 
carried from an inspection of those of one nation only : and in a building 
of such extent it would be out of his power to go from a particular sec- 
tion in one exhibition to the corresponding sections in all the other na- 
tional exhibitions, and to compare them all. Again, unless the produc- 
tions of all nations are exhibited together, it will be difficult, if not im- 
possible, to award the palm of superiority. Different parts of the exhi- 
bition will be visited on different days, and the impressions made on one 
day by the manufactures of one country, will be effaced the next day by 
the corresponding manufactures of another. In the adjudication of prizes 
also such arrangements would cause much difficulty. Another objection 
may also be mentioned, namely; the danger there would be of imputed 
unfairness and favoritism in the plftc ?ned to different nations. 

3 



18 

The several articles which will be exhibited will require great diversity 
of accommodation, as respects space, light, and other particulars ; and 
were the space set apart for one nation inferior in any of these respects 
to the space set apart for any other nation, there would be ground for 
complaint; whereas if all articles of the same nature are exhibited to- 
gether, all will share these advantages alike, and each article will be 
placed in that part of the building which is best adapted for the reception' 
of goods of that description. The Commissioners^must therefore reserve 
to themselves the unfettered right of arranging all goods that may be sent 
in such manner as they may think proper. They will endeavor, in 
the case of articles the nature of which admits of their so doing, to arrange 
each section with some reference to the nationality of the productions ex- 
hibited in it, and will not intermix the productions of one country with 
those of another, in cases where the objects of the exhibition can be at- 
tained without their doing so. Whatever may be their arrangements* 
however, they undertake to find places for all articles sent by each coun- 
try which could, if placed together, be exhibited in the aggregate space 
alloted to that country, provided only that they be informed in suffi- 
cient time what proportion of that space will be required for Raw ma- 
terials, what proportion for Machinery, what proportion for Manufactur- 
ed Articles, and what proportion for objects of Fine Art. This informa- 
tion should be sent on or before the days which will be communicated to 
each country. 

The Commissioners annex a memorandum by the Commissioners of 
Customs, on the subjects of Custom House arrangements. 

A Statement will shortly be published on the subject of the Adjucation 
and Distribution of Prizes. It may, however, be desirable at once to state 
that, in all cases in which the competition is between Exhibitors of diffe~ 
rent nations, the Prizes will be adjudged by mixed Juries of English and 
Foreigners. 

And a statement will also be published of the arrangements to be made 
for the protection of articles which may be exhibited, from piracy. 

J. SCOTT RUSSELL, ) c . . 

STAFFORD H, NORTHCOTE, \ * ecretane *° 



Arrangements made by the Board of Customs for the admission of For- 
eign and Colonial Productions, for the purposes of the Exhibition 
of 1851, without cost. 

It is proposed that all works from Foreign Countries intended for ex* 
hibition, shall be imported into some one or other of the following 



19 

Ports: — London, Liverpool, Bristol, Hull, Newcastle, Dover, 
Folkestone, Southampton. 

That the packages, when unaccompanied by the proprietors, shall be 
addressed to agents, who will be appointed at each port by the Royal 
Commissioners to receive and take charge of all such packages, and 
whose names will be communicated to the Central Authorities in each 
country, and from among whom the several parties intending to send 
over articles for exhibition, may select the agent he proposes to employ. 

The agents will take all the needful steps for forwarding, under the 
directions of the Commissioners of the Customs, the packages unopened 
to London (where they are not imported direct into the port of London,) 
and for their delivery unopened at the building in which they are to be 
exhibited. 

In the case of packages imported into the port of London, the agent 
to whom they will be addressed will take charge of them on their ar- 
rival, and forward them unopened to the building for exhibition. 

To secure the arrival of all the packages unopened and unexamined 
at the place of exhibition, they will be sealed at the port of landing^ 
with the official seal of the Board of Customs, which will afford a guar- 
antee at the same time to the party and to the revenue. 

The whole of the goods will be admitted, in the first instance, without 
payment of any duty; and if they are not disposed of in England, 
they will be delivered up for re-exportation, free of all charge for duty. 
If, however, they shall be disposed of in England, the duty chargeable 
thereon must in that case be paid before they are removed from the 
place of exhibition, but they cannot be removed until the Exhibition is 
finally closed. 

When the packages have been duly deposited in the building in which 
they are to be exhibited, they will be opened and examined in the pres- 
ence of the Proprietor, or of the Agent in his behalf, and will then be 
in custody of the Commission, without whose authority they cannot be 
removed from the Exhibition. 

All goods which are forwarded to England will remain deposited in 
charge of the Customs, until claimed by an agent of the party sending 
them, who will have to establish his right to remove them to the build- 
ing, by producing the bill of lading, and the certificate given to the 
exhibitor by the Central Authorities in each country, that such goods 
are intended for exposition. 



ARRANGEMENTS OF THE EXHIBITION. 



Her Majesty's Commissioners for the Promotion of the Exhibi- 
tion of the Works of Industry of all Nations, to be holden 
in 1851, having had the various subjects of their inquiry under their anx- 
ous consideration, are now prepared to state, for the information of the 
public, the progress they have made in determining on the different points 
referred to in their announcement of the 11th January last. 

The decisions they have been able to come to have been necessarily 
limited by their present want of knowledge as to what pecuniary means 
will be placed at their disposal ; and the shortness of the time, during 
which this vast organization will have to be completed renders it impera- 
tive upon the Commissioners to make an earnest appeal to the country, 
to enable them as soon as possible, to know upon what amount of sub" 
scription they may ultimately rely. 

The scale upon which this important undertaking will be conducted^ 
must depend entirely on the amount of pecuniary support which it shall 
receive from the public. Her Majesty's Commissioners appeal with con. 
fidence to all classes of the community, to enable them to make such lib- 
eral arrangemets as will ensure the success of this undertaking, in a man- 
ner worthy of the character and position of this country, and of the in- 
vitation which has been given to the other nations of the world to compete 
with us in a spirit of generous and friendly emulation. 

The Commissioners have fixed upon the 1st day of May, 1851, for 
opening the Exhibition. 

The Commissioners will be prepared to receive and take care of, at the 
expense of the Commissioners, all articles which may be sent to them, 
and delivered at a place to be named by the Commissioners in London, on 
or after the 1st of January, 1851, and will continue so to receive good s 
until the 1st of March inclusive; after which day no further goods will 
be received. 

Her Majesty has been graciously pleased to grant a site for this pur- 
pose on the south side of Hyde Park, lying between the Kensington 
Ride and the Ride commonly called Rotten Row. 



21 

From the approximate estimate which the Commissioners have been 
able to make, they believe the Building ought to cover a space of from 
16 to 20 Acres, or about One Million of Square Feet. 

The Productions of all Nations will be exhibited together, under one 
General Classification. 

The Articles exhibited will be divided into Four Sections, as before an- 
nounced, and a Classified List, together with general instructions affecting 
each Department, are appended. Her Majesty's Commissioners wish to 
express their grateful sense of the valuable assistance which they have re- 
ceived in drawing up that List from the Members of the Sectional Com- 
mittees. 

The Building will be provided to the Exhibitors free from rent, and 
will be fire proof. 

Exhibitors will be required to deliver their objects, at their own charge 
and risk, at the Building in the Park ; but no charges of any kind will 
be made whilst they remain there. 

Colonial and Foreign productions will be admitted without paying duty, 
for the purposes of exhibition, but not for internal consumption. Her 
Majesty's Commissioners of Customs will consider all such articles as 
Bonded Goods ; and her Majesty's Commissioners for the Exhibition of 
1851 will make suitable arrangements for their reception. 

Her Majesty's Commissioners are desirous that there should be complete 
local organization, and that the Local Committees, wherever formed, should 
themselves collect the Subscriptions within their own districts. The Lo- 
cal Committees should advertise all subscriptions they receive, and defray 
all local expenses, paying such commission for collection as they may 
think necessary. 

Her Majesty's Commissioners think that the same complete system of 
organization should be extended as much as possible to the British Colo- 
nies. 

Subscriptions should be paid to the Treasurers of Local Committees, 
and by them transferred to the General Fund at the Bank of England, in 
the names of A. K. Barclay, Esq., W. Cotton, Esq., Sir J. W. Lub- 
bock, Bart., S. M. Peto, Esq., M. P., and Baron Lionel de Rothschild, 
M P. 

Her Majesty's Commissioners having undertaken the absolute control 
over the expenditure of all money that may come into the hands of their 
Treasurers, have made arrangements for auditing accounts, and ensuring 
the strictest economy. 

Her Majesty's Commissioners hope that the funds to be placed at their 
disposal by voluntary contributions may be such as td enable them so to 



22 

regulate the amount to be paid for entrance, that all classes may be enabled 
to visit the Exhibition. 

Should any surplus remain, after giving every facility to the Exhibitors 
and increasing the privileges of the Public as spectators, her Majesty's 
Commissioners intend to apply the same to purposes strictly in connexion 
with the ends of the Exhibition, or for the establishment of similar Ex- 
hibitions for the future. 

However large the Building may be — the quantity of articles sent for 
Exhibition may exceed any amount of space that can be provided ; — Her 
Majesty's Commissioners consequently reserve to themselves ample pow- 
ers of rejection and selection. Upon the amount subscribed must neces- 
sarily depend the space which they may be enabled to allot; but under 
all circumstances they will have to exercise a certain discretion. 

Her Majesty's Commissioners also desire that the Local Committees 
will, as early as possible, procure an inventory or general specification 
of articles proposed to be exhibited from their Districts, and of the space 
which will be required for their exhibition, in order to enable the Com- 
missioners to determine as soon as possible the extent and the proportions 
of the building. 

Her Majesty's Commissioners are in communication with the Foreign 
Office, concerning the means of informing Foreign Governments of the 
arrangements making for the Exhibition. 

Her Majesty's Commissioners are considering the principles upon 
which the Prize Fund of £20,000 shall be appropriated, and the best mode 
of adjudication. 

If there be any points upon which Local Committees may require in- 
formation, and will address themselves to the Secretaries of the Commis- 
sion, her Majesty's Commissioners will be happy to afford it to them » 
so far as it may be in their power. 

(Signed) J. SCOTT RUSSELL. 

STAFFORD H. NORTHOTE, 

At the new Palace of Westminster, 

21s* of February, 1850. 



CLASSIFIED LISTS OF OBJECTS. 

Which may be admitted to the Exhibition of the Works of Industry of 
all Nations, to be opened in London, 1st May, 1851. 

Section I. Raw Materials and Produce— illustrative of the natural 
productions on which human industry is employed. 



Section II. Machinery for Agricultural, Manufacturing, Engineering 
and other purposes, and Mechanical Inventions— illus- 
trative of the agents which human ingenuity brings to 
bear upon the products of nature. 

Section III. Manufactures — illustrative of the result produced by the 
operations of human industry upon natural produce. 

Section IV. Sculpture, Models, and the Plastic Art generally, illus- 
trative of the taste and skill displayed in such applica- 
tions of human industry 
This Division of the Objects for exhibition into Four Sections will 

be generally preserved. Articles belonging to one Section may, however 

be admitted to another, where they may be considered necessary, but in 

such cases for illustration only. 



Section I. — Raio Materials and Produce. 
Under Raw Materials in this Section are to be included all the pro- 
ducts of the Mineral, Vegetable, and Animal Kingdoms, either in an en- 
tirely Raw State, or in any Stage of Preparation, previous to arriving at 
the state of a Finished Manufacture (as in Section III.) They are clas- 
sified according to their uses to man, in their original state, and in their 
Chemical and Mechanical transformations. 

(A.) Mineral Kingdom. 

/(a.) Ores and Modes of Dressing. — Native Metals, or Metallic Ores, — th e 
Modes of Dressing", such as crushing, stamping, jigging, huddling, or oth" 
erwise rendering them Merchantable ; as in the cases of Antimony, Arsenic, 
Bismuth, Cadmium, Cobalt, Copper, Gold, Iron, Lead, Mercury, Nickel, 
Palladium, Platinum, Silver, Tin, Zinc, &c, &c. 

(b.) Metallurgical Processes. — The various Methods of Roasting and 
Smelting the Ores, so as to illustrate Processes. Fluxes, Slags, and other 
Materials which may serve the purposes of illustration. The various Pro- 
cesses used in adapting Metals for particular purposes, as for making Iron 
into Cast-iron, Malleable Iron, and Steel, &c, &c. 

(c.) Alloys — Bronzes of various kinds, such as Statuary, Gun, Bell, and 
Speculum Metal, Britannia Metal, Brass of different kinds, German Silver, 
Argentine, and other varieties of White Metal, Pewter, Type Metals, 
Sheathing Metal, Compounds of Metals with Phosphorus, and other Non- 
raetallic bodies, &c, &c. 

(d.) Metals in process of adaptation to Finished Manufactures . — Rolled 
and Drawn in Sheets, Wir es, &c, and Cast in Pigs, Bars, &c, Plated and 
y Electro-typed Metals, &c. 

( (A.) Chemical Substances Employed in Manufactures. 

(a.) Non-Metallic Substances. — Such as Carbon in its various states for 
the purposes of Fuel, Charcoal, Coke, Bituminous Coal, Anthracite, Li- 
gnite, Artificial Fuels, Products of distillation of Coals, Mineral Oils and 
Naptha, Phosphorus in its different states, Sulphur, as in the Manufacture 
of Sulphuric Acid, &c, Muriatic Acid, Nitric Acid, Boracic Acid, &c, &c, 



§ 

« 



24 

(b.) Alkalis, Earths, and their Compounds. — Such as Potash audits Salts? 
as Carbonate, Sulphate, and Chlorate of Potash; Nitre native and artifi- 
cial, the latter as made in Asia, France, Switzerland, Sweden, and as used 
for Gunpowder, &c. — Soda and its Salts, as Common Salt and its various 
modes of preparation, Nitrate of Soda, Borax, Soda Ash, and Carbonate 
of Soda native and as prepared either from Salt, Barilla, or Kelp, and as - 
used for soap or glass-making, &c. ; Sulphute of Soda, &c. ; — Lime and 
its Compounds, as Limestone, Chalk, Marbles, Mortars, and Hydraulic 
Limestone, Cements, Materials for Frescoes, Plaster of Paris, Gypsum, 
Alabaster, Bleaching Powder, &c. ; — Magnesia, and the materials for 
preparing it and its Salts ; — Barytes, as Sulphate of Barytes ; Strontia 
for coloured fires, cj-c. ; — Alumina, as Alum Slate, Alum Sulphate of Alu- 
mina, &c. 
(c.) Metals Proper, and their Compounds — Such as Iron and its Salts, 
Iron Pyrites for Green Vitriol, Colcothar, Ochre, Venitian Red, or as used 
for calico-printing and dyeing, Sulphate of Iron as used for making Sul- 
phuric Acid, &c. ; — Copper, as Acetate and Sulphate of Copper, as used 
for colours and dyeing, tor Electropying, &c, Verdigris, Scheeles Green, 
Verditer, Carbonate of Copper, &c. ; — Zinc and its Salts, Zinc Paint, &c; 
— Tin and its Compounds, as Salts of Tin, Stannates, Oxymuriate, &c. ; 

Lead, as White Lead, Acetate and Nitrate of Lead, Naples Yellow, &c; 

Chromium, as Chrome Ore, Chromates of Potash, Yellow and Orange 

Chromate of Lead, Oxide of Chromium for colours, as for glass, pottery, 
&, c# ; — Arsenic, as Scheeles Green, Orpiment Realgar, &c. ; — Antimony, 
as Sulphurate of Antimony for percussion powder, lncifer-matches, &c. ; 
— Bismuth, as pearl white, &c. ; — Cobalt, as Oxide of Cobalt for pottery 
colors, Smalt blue, &c. ; — Nickel, for glass-staining, &c. ; — Tungsten, as 
the Yellow Oxides, Tungstates, for dyeing, &c. ; — Mercury, as for philo- 
sophical instruments, silvering mirrors, &c. ; — Gold, Alantinum, Silver, 
and other noble metals, their preparptions for electrotyping, giving of me- 
tallic lustres, &c, &c. 
(d.) Mixed Chemical Manufactures — Such as Soap, Prussiate of Potash 
and Prussian Blue, Ultramarine, &c, &c, 

(B.) Chemical Substances used in Medicines. 

(a.) Non-Metallic Substances — As Iodine, Bromine, Chlorine, Sulphur, 
Phosphorus, Charcoal, and their compounds, &c. 

(b.) Alkalis, Earths, and their Compounds — As Carbonates, Chlorides, 
Sulphates, Nitrates, Phospates, &c, and other compounds of Potash, Soda, 
Lime, and Magnesia, &c, &c. 

(c.) Metallic Preparations — As Calomel, Corrosive Sublimate, Red Oxide, 
and Bisulphuret of Mercury, and other compounds, Salts of Silver, Copper 
Iron, Antimony, Zinc, &c, &c. 

(C.) Rarer Substances Manufactured Chiefly for the 
Use of the Scientific Chemist. 

Iodine, Bromine, Potassium, Selenium; Sodium, and other rare Metallic 
I Bases and their compouuds, &c. 

/ (A.) Glass. 

(a.) Coarser Materials used in Glass-making, — As Sand, Chalk, Carbo- 
nates of Soda and Potash, Sulphate of Soda, Gypsum, Common Salt, 
Rock Salt, Soapers' Waste, Gas Lime, Lime, Clay, &c, &c. 

(6.) Colours and Chemical Materials used in further processes of Glass- 
making. — As compounds of Arsenic, Antimony, Boraoic Acid, Borax, Ba- 
rytes, Copper, Chromium, Cobalt, Gold and Iron, Litharge, Red Lead, 
Oxides of Manganese, Nickel, Uranium, Silver, Saltpetre, Smalt Blue, 
Phosphate of Lime, &c, &c. 



*3 

'9 



■5 » 



s» 



5 



• c ^ 2 

^ eo »9 



25 

(c.) Various kinds of Glass used for Manufactures. — As Soluble or Water 
Glass, Crown, Window and Mirror; Crystal, Flint, and Strass Glass; 
German Sheet and Plate Glass; Glass for Optical and for Laboratory purpo* 
ses ; Colored and Stained Glass; Enamel, Aventurin, Glass for Artificial 

j> § / Gems, &c, &c. 

a'S ( 

(B.) Porcelain Pottery. 

(a.) Materials used, and the mode of dressing and preparing them for use' 
—As Kaolin, Cornish Stone, Plastic Clays, Sand, Quartz, Flints, Felspar, 
Chalk, Gypsum, Soda, Potash, Salt, Alum, Borax, Bone Ash, Peroxide of 
Tin, Oxides of Lead, Cobalt, Nickel, Chromium, Iron, Copper, Mangdnesr, 
&c, &c. 

(b.) Finer hinds, as used for Manufacturing purposes..— As Porcelain hard 
and tender, Earthenware, Stone Ware, Flint Ware, Fayence, Delft Ware, 
Ironstone, China, &c, &c. : Materials and Processes illustrating the mix- 
ing, moulding, pressing, drying, glazing, coloring, printing, staining, 
painting and gilding, &c. 

(c.) Coarser kinds, as used for Manufacturing purposes. — As Materials 
for Bricks, House and Field Draining Tiles and Pipes, Common, Jars, 
V Bottles, Pans, &c, $>c. 

r (a.) Employed in Architecture and Engineering. — Granites, Sandstones 
Slates, Limestones, Serpentines, Porphyries, Marbles, Bricks, Tiles, Earthen 
Tubes, Artificial Stones, Plasters, Cements, Earths, Pounded Rocks, and 
other Paints made with simple natural substances, &c, &c. 

(&.) Implements. — Grindstones, Cherts, Honestones, Diamonds, Rubies, 

Emery, and other hard Minerals for cutting gems, less valuable minerals 

5 § g I and glass, or as used in the construction of watches, &c, &c. 

*** -§J (c.) Personal Decoration. — Gems of all kinds, and all varieties of Mineral 

^*1s!N Substances used for decoration, as Agates, Cornelians, Onyxes, Lapis 

&q >5 \ Lazuli, &c, &c. 

(B.) Vegetable Kingdom. 

f I. Agricultural Produce. — Cereals, Pulses, Oil Seeds, &c. 
I II. Dried Fruits and Seeds. 
1. Substances used j III. Substances used in the preparation of Drinks. 
chiefly as Food, or \ IV. Spices and Condiments. 
in its preparation, j V. Starch Series. 
VI. Sugar Series. 
j VII. Fermented Liquors and Distilled Spirits from unusual 
^ sources. 

VIII. Gum Series. 

IX. Resin Series. -Resins and Balsams, Gum Resins, Gum 
Elastic. 

Oil Series. — Volatile Oils, Drying Fat Oils, Non-Drying 
Fat Oils, Solid Oils, Wax. 

XI. Acids. 

XII. Dyes and Colours. 

XIII. Tanning Substances. 

XIV. Intoxicating Drugs. 

XV. Medicinal Substances. 

f XVI. Fibrous Substances — Cordage and Clothing Materials. 

3. Materials for Buil- j XVII. Cellular Substances. 

ding, Clothing, <$-c] XVIII. Timber and Fancy Woods, for construction and or- 
L nament, and prepared by Dyeing, &c. 

4. Miscellaneous Substances. XIX. Miscellaneous Substances not elsewhere enume- 

rated. 

•More detailed lists for this Section may be had on special application, 

4 



2. Materials used 
chief y in the Chem- 
ical Arts, or in Med- 
icine. 



§6 



.35 



fi m 6S 






[C] Animal Kingdom. 

Almost every part of almost every species of Animal serves as Food to some 
variety or other of the Human Race. Preparations of Food as examples 
of Industrial Products, for the Exhibition, would comprise, — Specimens 
of Preserved Meats, for long voyages; Portable Soups ; Concentrated Nu- 
triments ; Consolidated Milk, &c. ; Dried Gelatine, Isinglass, and Albu- 
men ; Caviare ; Trepang ; Sharks' Fins, Nests of the Java Swallow, and 
the like Articles of Eastern Commerce ; Honey and its Preparations. 

Cod Liver and other animal Oils, for internal or external application. 

Unguents of Spermaceti, Lard, Oil, and combinations of these. 

Musk, Castoreum, Civet, Ambergris (as Antispasmodics.) 

Phosphorus and Ammonia (from Hartshorn, Urine.) 

Crabs' Eyes, or the Calcareous Concretions formed in the Craw fish; and 
Cuttle Bone, used as antacids. 

Cantharides, and their essence Cantharidine. 

Iodine (obtained from Marine Zoophytes and Sponge.) 

(a.) For Textile Fabrics and for Clothing. 

Wool, Hair, Hairbands and Ropes ; Bristles, Whalebones^ 

Silk from the Silkwork, Bombyx Tori, and from other species in India, e. g, v 

Bombycilla Cynthia and attacus Paphia* 
Feathers, Down, Fur. 
Skins, Hides, Leather. 

Elytra or Beetle wings (for ornaments of Dress.) 
Byssus, from the Pinna Shell Fish (manufactured into gloves.) 

(b.) For Domestic or ornamental purposes, or for the 
Manufacture of Implements. 

Bone, Horn, Hoofs, Ivory, Tortoise-shell, Shagreen, Parchment, Vellum r 

Quills. 
Pearls (Meleagrina Margaritifera, Unto, Margaritifera) ; Seed Pearl (My 

tilus edulis.) 
Coral. 

Oils, Tallows, Spermaceti, Wax, Lard. 
Silkworm Gut. 
\ Mother of Pearl (Shells of Meleagrina, Haliotis, and Turbo)) Buffalo Shells? 

Bombay Shells, Bla Shells, White-edge Shells, Yellow-edge Shells, Flat 

Shells, Green Snail Shells. 
Sponge, Goldbeaters Skin, Catgut, Bladders. 

(c.) As Agents in the Manufacture of Various Articles. 

Glue, Isinglass, Gelatine. 

Bone Black, Ivory Black, Animal Charcoal. 

(d.) For the Production of Chemical Substances. 

Bones, &c, (for Phosphorus, Ammonia, Cyanides, &c, &c. 

(e.) For Pigments and Dyes, 

Cochineal, Carmine, from the Coccus cacti; Dyes from the Galls of Am- 
phides; Gall Stone Pigment from Ox Gall; Lac, a substance obtained 
from an Indian Species of Coccus, and the varieties called in commerce 
Stick Lac, Seed Lac, Lump Lac, Shell Lac, Lac Lake, Lac Dye ; Sepia ; 
Essence D'Orient, from Scalesof Bleak (Leucissus) used in the manufac- 
\ ture of Artificial Pearls. 

Section. 2. — Machinery. 
(A) Machines for Direct Use. 
( As Boilers and Furnaces for generating S team, Steam En- 
Prime Movers* < gines, Waterwheels and other Hydraulic Movers, Wind- 
( mills, other Engines for generating Power, &c. 



27 



Separate parts of 
Mechanism and- 
Gearing, 



Machines for Rau J 
sing and Mo-\ 
ving Bodies 



As Toothed Wheels, Link-work, Belts, Couplings, contri- 
vances for modifying motion, for reversing and stopping, 
and for the government and self-action of Machinery, &c, 
Specimens of perfection in workmanship — such as straight 
edges, flat surfaces, screws, spheres, &c. 

f Raising Water and other Liquids — As Pumps, Fire-En. 
gines, Hydraulic Rams, &,c. 
Raising and Moving Weights, and Producing Pressure — 
Such as Crabs, Cranes, Travellers, Screw Jacks, Hydrau- 
lic Presses, Pile Drivers, &,c. 

I Carriages and Vehicles. 

j Machinery of the Railway System. 

[ Naval Mechanism, and Naval Architecture. 



4, Machines for 
Weighing , Mearur-j 
ing, and Registra-*. 
lion. 



.5. 



Instruments and 
Miscellaneous 
Contrivances. 



f As Weighing Machines of all kinds, Apparatus for the 
Measurement of Length and Capacity, for the Registra- 
tion of Natural Phenomena, and of the results and opera- 
tions of other Machinery — as Tide Gauges, Anemometers, 
Calculating Machines, Tell-tales, Counting Machines, 
Numbering Frames, Copying Machines, Dynamometers, 
&c. 

L Turret and other Clocks, Watches, and Chronometers, 

f Mathematical and Philosophical Instruments — As Astro- 
nomical and Optical Instruments, Apparatus for the 
Graduation and Division of Lines and Circles: Physical 
and Chemical Apparatus, including Electric, Magnetic, 
and Galvanic Apparatus, &c. 
Drawing Instruments and Apparatus used by Artists and 

Engravers. 
Musical and Acoustical Instruments — As Organs Piano- 
fortes, Harps, Flutes, Imitation of the Human Voice, 
Singing and Speaking, &c. 
Surgical Instruments. 
h Locks, and small Machines for Miscellaneous Purposes. 

6. <?uns, Pistols, $c. And all that belongs to their equipment. 

( Field Implements — As Ploughs, Sub-soil Ploughs, Skim 
Plough ; Harrows, Norwegian Harrow, Clod Crusher, 
Grubber, or Scarifier ; Corn Drill, Turnip Drill, Water 
Drill, Dry Manure Machine, Liquid Manure Machine, 
Horse Seed Dibbler, Roller, Presser, Horse Hoe, One 
Horse Cart, Horse Rakes, Haymaking Machines. 
Yard Implements — Threshing Machine, Corn Dressing 
Machine, CharTCutter,Turnip Cutter, Cake Bruiser, Corn 
Bruiser; Moveable Steam Engine; Tile Machines, 
Draining Tools. 

I^Gardem Implements. 

(B.) Manufacturing Machines. 

Or Systems of Machinery, Tools, and Implements, employed for the un- 
dermentioned purposes. 

I Manufacture of f Machinery for the complete formation, from the Raw Mate- 
all fabrics that [ rial of all fabrics of Cotton. Wool, Flax, Hemp, Silk, 
are Spun, Wo-i Caoutchouc, Hair, &c. 
ven. Felted, or \ Paper Making and Staining. 
laid, I Printing and Bookbinding, 



7. Agricultural Ma- < 
chinery. 



28 



f The Manufacture of Metals from the ore into bars, rodf, 

wire, sheets, and other general forms ; also, casting and 

polishing of Metal, Glass, &c. 

The Cutting and Working of Metals by Machine Tools — 

such as Lathes, Machines for planing, drilling, boring. 

Manufactures of\ slitting, sawing, stamping, shearing, rivetting, punching, 

Metal &c. 

Machines and Tools used by the makers of Gold, Silver, 
and Plated Goods; Cutlery Nails, Screws, Pins, Needles, 
Buttons, and Metallic Pens, &c. ; by Locksmiths, Die 
Sinkers, Furnishing Ironmongers, &c, &c. 
Machines and Tools for the Preparation and Working of all 
kinds of Stone, Granite, Alabaster, Slate, Clay, Gems, 
&c, &c. 
C Machines and Tools for the Preparation and working of all 
, Manufactures of J kinds of Wood. 

Vegetable Sub-'] Mills, and other Machinery for grinding, crushing, or pre- 
stances. L paring Vegetable Products. 

5. Manufactures oft Machinery and Tools for Working in Horn, Bone, Ivory, 
Animal Substances\ Leather, &c. 

6. Machinery and Apparatus for Brewing, Distilling, and Manufacturing 

Chemistry. 



3. Manufactures of\ 
Mineral Sub-- 
stances. 



(C.) Models of Engineering Structures. 

Exhibiting the Application of Mechanical Contrivances. 

1. Models of Bridges, Viaducts, Roofs of Large Span, in Stone, Wood, Jron,&c, 

2. Models of Docks, Locks, Lighthouses, Breakwaters, Harbors, Landing 

Piers, &c. 

Section 3. — Manufactures. 
Manufactures to be exhibited in this Section must be in their Finished state, as fit 

for use. 
I "From Flax, Hemp." 
Cotton, and simi- 
lar Vegetable Sub- 
stances 



1. FABRICS 

Spun and Woven. < 



From Wool and Silk, 
and similar animal 
L Substances 



(From Fur and Hair, 
and similar animal 
Substances 

| From Rags and Fibre 

and similar Vege- 

I table Substances. . 



j,u<j 



1 



I Gold and Silver, Cop- 
MANUFAC- per and Zinc Iron, 
TURES INJ Steel,Lead,Bronze, >as -J 
METALS. Pewter, Mixed Me. 

tals. 



J 



I 



'Goods, Plain and Figured in the 
Loom ; also Printed, Colored, or 
Embossed, including — 

Linens, Canvas — Floor Cloths, 
Calicoes, &c. ; Oil Cloths of all 
kinds; also, Lace, Bobbinet, 
Figured Lace, Needlework, 
Embroidery, Tambouring, &c. 
Broad Cloths — Blankets, Car- 
pets, Shawls, Damasks, Satins, 
Velvets, Stuffs, Poplins, Tabi- 
nets, Crapes. 
Papers of all kinds, Plain and Or- 
namental Paper-hanging & De- 
corations, Cards, Pasteboard ,&c« 

r Gold and Silver Plate, and Jewel- 
lers' Work Metal, Ornaments, 
Metal Mountains, Buttons, Lock- 
smiths' Work, Wire Work, Gen- 
eral Ironmongery, Fenders and 
Grates and Fire irons, Bronze 
Lamps, Britannia Metal Wares, 
German Silver and White Metal ; 
Cutlery and Steel Ornaments. 



I 



29 

3. MANUFACTURES IN GLASS, PORCELAIN, TERRA COTTA and 
EARTHEN WARE of all kinds, &c . 



1 f Cabinet Work and Household Fur- 

M 



4. MANUFACTURES FROM VEG- [ niture, Turnery, Baskets, Mats 

ETABLE SUBS TANCES— Wood, iJ and Matting, Cordage and Cables 

Straw, Hemp, Grass, Caoutchouc, f Straw Plait, Utensils of every 

Gutta Percha I kind in Caoutchouc and Gutta 

j L Percha, Coopers' Work, &c. 

5* MANUFACTURES FROM ANIO f Handles and Utensils of Horn, 
MAL SUSTANCES— Ivory, Bone, I j Ivory, and Bone ; Bookbinding, 
Horn, Parchment, Leather, Shell, f as ) Leather Cases, Trunks, Harness, 

Hair, Feathers, and Bristles J (, Boots and Shoes, Brushes, &c. 

i 

"| f Umbrellas, Garments, Artificial 
Flowers, Fringes, Gimps, Beads, 
6. SMALL ^ WARES |_AND CHEMI- £as <j and Toysj Confectionary, Soap, 



CAL COMPOUNDS ] Candles, Sealing Wax and Wa- 

^ fers, &c. 



Section 4.— Sculpture, Models, and the Plastic Art. 

Objects formed in any kind of material, if they exhibit such a degree of taste 
and skill as to come under the denomination of Fine Art, may be admitted into 
this Section. 

'(a) In Metals, whether simple, as Gold, Silver, Copper, 

Iron, Zinc, Lead ; or compound, such as Bronze, 

Electrum, &c. 

1.— SCULPTURE AS (6) In Minerals, whether simple, as Marble Stone, Gems, 

k A FINE ART. -{ Clay, &c; or in materials elaborated from thera, as 

Glass, Porcelain. 

(c) In Woods and other Vegetable Substances. 

(d) In Animal Substances, such as Ivory, Bone, Shells, 
Shell-Cameos. 

2.— WORKS IN DIE SINKING INTAGLIOS. 

C Whether Integral in Relief, Co- 

3.— ARCHITECTURAL DECORATIONS J lor, or Adventitious, as Stained 

( Glass, Tapestry. 

4.— -MOSAICS AND INLAID WORK In Stone, Tiles, Vitrified Materials, 

Wood, Metal. 

5 ENAMELS On Metals, China, Glass. 

6.— MATERIALS AND PROCESSES APPLICABLE TO THE FINE ARTS 
GENERALLY, including Fine Art Printing, Printing in Color, occ, &c. 

7. — MODELS In Architecture, Topography, Ana- 
tomy. 



CONDITIONS AND LIMITATIONS. 

All Spirits, Wines, and Fermented Liquors, unless derived from unusual sources, 
are inadmissible, except in special cases, and under special restrictions ; and when 
Oils, Spirits, &c, are exhibited, to prevent accidents, they must be shown in well 
secured glass vessels. 

All highly inflammable articles, such as Gunpowder, Detonating Powders, Luci- 
fer Matches, &c. ; and all Live Stock, and articles perishable within the duration 
of the Exhibition, are inadmissible, unless specially excepted. 



30 

Section 1. — Raw Materials and Produce, 
Divison (A.) Mineral Kingdom. 

r It is desirable that the Raw Materials should be shown in connection with th© 
produce of the Mineral Kingdom, so as to form a history and explanation of the 
processes employed to fit them for the useful and ornamental purposes of life. The 
Exhibition would thus comprehend (1.) Illustrations of the various modes of ex- 
tracting and preparing the Raw Materials for Produce ; (2.) Illustrations of methods 
of reducing, working, or combining Raw Materials, so as to obtain Products 
which may afterwards receive applications to the useful or ornamental purposes of 
life. 

The Specimens fitted for exhibition should include (1.) only those remarkable 
for their excellence, for novelty in their occurrence or application, or economy of 
their extraction or preparation; or (2.) those remarkable as illustrations of soma 
further processes of Manufacture. 

Division (B.) Vegetable Kingdom. 

The objects which the Commission is most desirous of receiving among the pro- 
ducts of the Vegetable Kingdom, are such as from their utility, novelty, or practi- 
cal interest may appear especially deserving public attention. Peculiarly fine sam- 
ples of substances in common use; authenticated samples of substances having 
similar properties, but derived from different sources — such as Arrowroot, Sago, 
&c. Dyeing Materials, accompanied by specimens exhibiting the effect of such 
Materials. Fancy Wood, both in the polished, rough, and manufactured state. 
All sorts of materials, which are applicable to the manufacture of linen, cordage, 
wickerwork, paper, and the like. 

Nothing, however, appears suitable to this Exhibition except such results of hu- 
man industry as are capable of being preserved without injury through several 
months. 

Division (C.) Animal Kingdom. 

As Illustrations in this Division, the various Processes of Preparation may be 
-exhibited in connection with the Raw Materials ; and in some cases a Finished 
Article may be introduced as the termination of a series of objects in preparatory 
stages. 

Nothing, however, appears suitable to this Exhibition except such results of hu- 
man industry as are capable of being preserved without injury through several 
months. 



Section (2.) — Machinery. 

Division (A.) Machines for Direct Use. 

Machines will be exhibited in motion, whenever it may be desirable to do so, and 
it may be found practicable to provide the necessary arrangements for that purpose. 

Division (B.) Manufacturing Machines. 

Although in arranging this class for exhibition, it will generally be found advi. 
sable to separate the Products from the Producing Mechanism ; yet the latter 
should always be accompanied with sufficient specimens of the Raw Material, in its 
several stages of manufacture, and of the finished product, to make the operation 
of the Machinery intelligible. 

The complete series of tools and machinery that belongs to the manufacture of 
any object of common use, such as a watch, a button, or a needle, accompanied by 
specimens of the object and its parts, in their various stages of progress, is so in- 
structive and interesting, that it is very desirable to obtain several such series for 
the proposed Exhibition, 



31 

Section [3.] — Manufactures. 

Manufactures to be exhibited in this Section must be in their Finished state 

as fit for use. 
Designs for Manufactures will be exhibited in the Section of Manufactures. 
All Articles to be admitted in this Section must exhibit one or more of the 

following qualifications : — 

1. Increased usefulness, such as permanency in dyes; improved forms 

and arrangements in articles of utility, &,c. 

2. Superior skill in Workmanship, as in block-printing, chasing, &c. 

3. Mew use of known Materials. 

4. Use of New Materials. 

5. New Combinations of Materials, as in Metal and Pottery. 

6. Beauty of Design, in form, or color, or both, with reference to Utility. 

7. Cheapness, relatively to excellence of Production. 



Section 4. — Sculpture, Models, and the Plastic Art. 

Objects formed in any kind of material, if they exhibit such a degree of taste 
and skill as to come under the denomination of Fine Art, may be admitted into 
this Section. 

The Specimens exhibited shall be works of Living Artists. 

Oil Paintings and Water-Color Paintings, Drawings, and Engravings, are 
not to be admitted, except as illustrations or examples of materials and processes ; 
and Portrait Busts are not to be admitted. 



FOREIGN AND COLONIAL PRODUCTIONS. 

Arrangements made by the Board of Customs to admit Foreign and 
Colonial Productions for the purposes of the Exhibition of 1851. 

1st. That all Works intended for the Exhibition should, in the first instance, be ad- 
mitted into this counrry without payment of duty ; that the Goods should not be 
subject to examination at the Waterside, but conveyed to the place of Exhibition, 
at the expense of the Importer, under charge of proper officers of the Customs, 
to be there opened by the Importer or his Agent, and examined in the presence 
of the proper Officer of the Customs, in order to assess the amount of duty wnich 
would become payable thereon if sold in this country, and such marks attached 
thereto as may be considered necessary to maintain the identity of the Goods. 

2nd. That the Goods brought for Exhibition should be considered as warehoused, 
under the Warehousing Regulations, in the premises appointed for the Exhibi- 
tion ; and that security be given in each case for the due re-exportation of the 
Goods, or payment of the duty at the close of the Exhibition ; — and no Foreign 
Goods liable to duty to be on any account removed from the premises until the 
termination of the Exhibition ; and then only on payment of the duty, or for re- 
exportation. 

3rd. That Goods intended for Exhibition should be imported into one of the follow- 
ing Ports; viz. — 

London, — Liverpool, — Bristol, — Hull, — Newcastle, — Dover, — Folkestone, — 
and Southampton; and the Board of Customs to make such regulations, and ap- 
point such Officers of the Department for taking charge of the Goods at the 
place of Exhibition, in communication with the Commission for conducting the 
proceedings, as may be deemed essential for the security of the interests of the 
Revenue. 



CIRCULAR LETTER 

Addressed by (he Central Committee to the Governors of the several 

States* 

Rooms of the National Institute, 

Washington June 1850. 

To his Excellency the Governor of 

Sir* We have the honor to submit to you the accompanying papers, 
from which it will be seen that the undersigned have been appointed a 
Central Authority, through which alone, according to the regula- 
tions adopted by the Royal Commissioners, the productions of American 
art and industry can be recognized as entitled to admission at the Indus- 
trial Exhibition to be held at London, in May, 1851, 

Our object in addressing you, is to request that you will confer with 
Socities and individuals in the State of , and appoint a 

local committee, or committees, to correspond with us, and to select, from 
such articles as may be submitted by the citizens of your State, those 
most suitable for the Exhibition. By this means we shall better accom- 
plish the objects for which we are appointed, and your citizens be ena- 
bled to avail themselves of the advantages promised by the Exhibition. 
An early reply is solicited. 
Very respectfully, 

Your obedient servants, 

MILLARD FILLMORF, MATHEW F. MAURY, ! 

PETER FORCE, J. JAMES GREENOUGH,! 

JAMES A. PEARCE, CHARLES F. STANSBURY, 

LEVI WOODBURY, J. J. ABERT, 

LEWIS WARRINGTON, JOSEPH G. TOTTEN, 

JOSEPH HENRY, THOMAS EWBANK, 

WALTER R. JOHNSON, WILLIAM EASBY, 
ALEXANDER D. BACHE, LEONARD D. GALE, 

CHARLES WILKES, JOSEPH C. G. KENNEDY* 

WILLIAM W. SEATON, EZRA C SEAMAN, 
JEFFERSON DAVIS. 



